(Japanese, 'empty hand'), martial arts (unarmed) in self-defense since the equilibrium positions are directed or focused blows or kicks accompanied by special breathing and shouts. More than a method of combat karate emphasizes self-discipline, positive attitude and high moral purpose. It is taught professionally at different levels and with Asian names as a self-defense skill, a competitive sport and as an exercise in freestyle.
2. HISTORY
The Karate was developed in Japan. While the name dates from as recently as 1930, the techniques are very old and derived from Chinese art of Shaolin Boxing from the sixth century. Developed after the Japanese island of Okinawa around 1500, becoming the tang hand, allowing the islanders to fight unarmed against armed Japanese oppressors. In the 1920 hand tang was introduced to Japan by Funakoshi Gichin who used the word karate. The style became known as practiced shotokan, now one of the five major styles of Japan; others are: wado-ryu, Gojo-ryu, Shito-ryu and kyukushinkai. Each puts different emphasis on technique, speed and power.
3. TECHNICAL TRAINING
The karate is similar to judo and jujitsu but reinforces paste techniques lethal blows and punches, rather than fight or knock down an opponent. The three elements of speed, strength and technique are vital for a karate expert, also are important prerequisites constant warning, a keen sense of timing and surprise.
Great attention is given to know the most vulnerable of the human body can be attacked through the hands, elbows, knees or feet, which are the face, neck, solar plexus, the spine, English and kidneys. Competitions or exhibitions ordinary karate can target only the area of \u200b\u200bthe body above the waist and all shots must be subdued. The strokes used are: hand cutting or 'hands knife' knuckle punches, crushing blows, fingers pointed, standing shock front, side, envelopes, jumping and kicking. In the current fight any of these blows can be fatal. The ability of a karate master (sen sei) to break a board or a brick with a blow from his bare hands is proverbial.
karate training toughens hands and feet driven into containers of sand, gravel and pounding rice bags or sandbags and special training boards. Constant exercises are important to relax and tighten the muscles of the body. Deep breathing exercises are also useful because exhalation and sudden shouts accompany direct blows and particularly the ends, also called manslaughter. Such breaths and cries for help in the rhythm of the karate attack, concentrating more power in each blow or block and psychological force giving person while disconcerting the opponent.
4. EDUCATION AND ENFORCEMENT
The language of karate is chiefly Japanese: the training room or gym is called a dojo and clothing used in all practices is called gi. More than two hundred terms specifically Japanese are used for different movements and strokes that are used in movement sequences called kata.
There are varying degrees of formally recognized in karate training, represented by the color of the fabric belt around the gi, the usual colors in ascending order are: white, yellow, orange, green, blue, brown and black. (Other styles also use the following colors: white, lilac or purple, green, brown and black.) Qualifications for belts differ from school to school, depending on the style and level taught. The black belt or dan is the highest level in karate and is also qualified in degrees of expertise, being the tenth that give a higher level.
5. COMPETITION
Gichin Funakoshi in 1949 founded the Japan Karate Association, which held the first championships in Japan in 1957. The sport spread to the West during the 1950's. The organization All-Japan Karate-do (FAJKO), founded in 1964, held the first World Championships in 1970 Multi-Style. The Europeans had reached such high levels that often beat the Japanese, although they maintained their supremacy in the kata. Women first participated in the World championships in 1980. Karate has been incorporated into training programs for police and armed forces of many countries.
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